Characterization of Different Soil Types under Cocoa, Cashew and Rubber Fields in Center-West Region of Côte d'Ivoire

Aims: This study was to characterize physical parameters of soils cocoa, cashew, and rubber fields.

Study Design: The study had a random design. In each field 3 plots with 10 m apart was established.

Place and Duration of Study: Data collection was carried out in Haut-Sassandra region, located 31.5 km from Daloa (6°45’0”N, 6°34’60”W, at 235 m sea level), between February and April 2023.

Methodology: We dug 3 pits per plot for the description of the soil. Each pit was 80 cm wide, 100 cm long and 120 cm deep. The soil profile was described horizon by horizon where thicknesses were determined, physical characteristics and colors were distinguished. Soil samples were taken to determine the purposefulness, retention and permeability of soil types.

Results: The results revealed variations in soil type, texture, and porosity. Soils under rubber and cashew cultivation contained a higher proportion of fine elements compared to those under cocoa cultivation. The upper horizon of these soils was richer in organic matter and exhibited a darker color. The soil under cocoa cultivation was identified as a Modal Ferralsol (ferralitic soil of modal type), while the soil under rubber trees was classified as a desaturated Ferralsol (desaturated ferrallitic soil), and the soil under cashew trees was a Vertisol. Soil porosity measurements showed that cocoa soils had the highest values. Among the different soil types studied, cocoa cultivation is considered moderately favorable to this crop.

Conclusion: The particle size analysis reveals a higher proportion of sand in soils under cocoa trees, compared to those under rubber and cashew. In short, the soil of cocoa has properties particularly adapted to the cultivation of cocoa trees, promoting its optimal development.