Variations in the Branching Pattern of Arch of Aorta: An Anatomical Study

Introduction: The Arch of Aorta has three branches, brachiocephalic (Innominate) artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. The aim of the study was to note the variations in the branching pattern of the Arch of Aorta. The neck and thoracic cavity were opened and structures in the superior mediastinum were dissected. The branches of the arch of the aorta were traced. The embryological basis and clinical implications of variations in the branches of the Arch of Aorta are discussed in detail.

Materials and Methods: A study was carried out on 50 donated embalmed cadavers were studied in the Department of Anatomy at K.J. Somaiya Medical College, Sion, Mumbai. The studies were carried out in the period from December 2016 to March 2017.

Observation and Discussion: In 47 of the specimens, it was observed that the Arch of Aorta had three branches arising from its superior surface. In 3 specimens it was noted that the Arch of Aorta had four branches arising from its superior surface and various other branching patterns were discussed in detail.

Conclusion: In approximately 6% of the population the left vertebral artery was seen arising from the Arch of Aorta, usually between the left common carotid and left subclavian artery. The knowledge of a morphological variation in the branches of the Arch of Aorta is considerably important for all diagnostic and surgical procedures in the head and neck region. The present study should be of significance for clinicians with regard to vascular variations in the neck and thoracic region.